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Photonics Papers bibTeX Entries
See also our main Papers and Publications page.
@article{YablonvitchGm91,
author = {E. Yablonovitch and T. J. Gmitter and R. D. Meade and A. M. Rappe and K. D. Brommer and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Donor and acceptor modes in photonic band structure},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1991,
volume = 67,
number = 24,
pages = {3380--3383},
month = {December},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v67/p3380},
abstract = {Three-dimensionally periodic dielectric structures, photonic crystals, possessing a forbidden gap for electromagnetic wave propagation, a photonic band gap, are now known. If the perfect 3D periodicity is broken by a local defect, local electromagnetic modes can occur within the forbidden band gap. Addition of extra dielectric material locally, inside the photonic crystal, produces "donor" modes. Conversely, removal of dielectric material from the crystal produces ``acceptor'' modes. It is now possible to make high-$Q$ electromagnetic cavities of $\sim 1$ cubic wavelength, for short wavelengths at which metallic cavities are useless. These new dielectric cavities can cover the range from mm waves to uv wavelengths.}
}
@article{MeadeBr92,
author = {Robert D. Meade and Karl D. Brommer and Andrew M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Existence of a photonic band gap in two dimensions},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 1992,
volume = 61,
number = 4,
pages = {495--497},
month = {July},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/61/495/1},
abstract = {A systematic theoretical investigation is undertaken in order to identify a two-dimensional periodic dielectric structure that has a complete in-plane photonic band gap for both polarizations. Of the various structures studied, only a triangular lattice of air columns is found to have the desired band-gap properties. Microwave transmission experiments are performed to test the theoretical predictions.}
}
@article{RobertsonAr92,
author = {W. M. Robertson and G. Arjavalingam and R. D. Meade and K. D. Brommer and A. M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Measurement of photonic band structure in a two-dimensional periodic dielectric array},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1992,
volume = 68,
number = 13,
pages = {2023--2026},
month = {March},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v68/p2023},
abstract = {The photonic band structure in a two-dimensional dielectric array is investigated using the coherent microwave transient spectroscopy (COMITS) technique. The array consists of alumina-ceramic rods arranged in a regular square lattice. The dispersion relation for electromagnetic waves in this photonic crystal is determined directly using the phase sensitivity of COMITS. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions obtained using the plane-wave expansion technique. Configurations with the electric field parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the rods are investigated.}
}
@article{ArjavalingamRo93,
author = {G. Arjavalingam and W. M. Robertson and R. D. Meade and K. D. Brommer and A. M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Observation of surface photons on periodic dielectric arrays},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 1993,
volume = 18,
number = 7,
pages = {528--530},
month = {April},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-18-7-528},
abstract = {Observation of the surface electromagnetic waves excitation on a two dimensional photonic crystal, by the attenuated total internal reflection technique is reported. Sensitivity of the existence of the surface waves to the specific termination of the dielectric lattice is observed. Strong coupling to the surface mode is reported for the surface terminated with hemicylinders.}
}
@article{FanVi94,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and Robert D. Meade and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Design of three-dimensional photonic crystals at submicron lengthscales},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 1994,
volume = 65,
pages = {1466--1468},
month = {September},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/65/1466/1},
abstract = {We present a new class of periodic dielectric structures designed specifically to be amenable for fabrication at submicron lengthscales. The structures give rise to a sizable 3D photonic band gap and can be fabricated with materials widely used today in optoelectronic devices. They are made of three materials and consist essentially of a layered structure in which a series of cylindrical air holes are etched at normal incidence through the top surface of the structure. Our results demonstrate the existence of a gap as large as 14\% of the midgap frequency using Si, SiO$_2$, and air; and 23\% using Si and air.}
}
@article{MeadeDe94,
author = {Robert D. Meade and A. Devenyi and J. D. Joannopoulos and O. L. Alerhand and D. A. Smith and K. Kash},
title = {Novel applications of photonic band gap materials: low-loss bends and high {$Q$} cavities},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
year = 1994,
volume = 75,
pages = {4753--4755},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/75/4753/1},
abstract = {In this paper we discuss a novel material which has nearly ideal properties at optical frequencies. It combines the low dissipation of a dielectric with the reflectivity of a metal. This material employs a two-dimensional photonic band gap structure to achieve in-plane confinement of light and uses index contrast to achieve vertical confinement. We discuss how this material can be used to create microcavities for the production of low threshold lasers and waveguides capable of low-loss bends.}
}
@article{WinnMe94,
author = {J. N. Winn and R. D. Meade and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Two-dimensional photonic band-gap materials},
journal = {Journal of Modern Optics},
year = 1994,
volume = 41,
number = 2,
pages = {257--273},
month = {February},
doi = {doi:10.1080/09500349414550311},
abstract = {The properties of 2D photonic lattices, and especially the presence of photonic band-gaps, are reviewed. Using symmetry arguments, general conditions on the nature of the eigenmodes for all 2D periodic dielectric lattices are derived. A method of computing photonic band-structures is briefly discussed. The in-plane band-structures of the square and triangular lattices of cylinders are systematically investigated. The out-of-plane band-structure for a prototypical system is described. Effects of periodicity-breaking are discussed, including localization of light due to lattice defects, and localized surface modes.}
}
@article{FanVi95,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Theoretical investigation of fabrication-related disorder on the properties of photonic crystals},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
year = 1995,
volume = 78,
number = 3,
pages = {1415--1418},
month = {August},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/78/1415/1},
abstract = {How various deviations in perfect photonic crystals, which may arise during fabrication, can affect the size of photonic band gaps is investigated theoretically. The emphasis is on determining the effects of misalignment of basic structural elements and overall surface roughness, because of their general fabrication relevance. As an example, calculations on a newly proposed three-dimensional photonic crystal are performed. It is shown that the size of the gap is tolerant to significant amounts of deviation from the perfect structure.}
}
@article{FanWi95,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Joshua N. Winn and Adrian Devenyi and J. C. Chen and Robert D. Meade and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Guided and defect modes in periodic dielectric waveguides},
journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America~B},
year = 1995,
volume = 12,
number = 7,
pages = {1267--1272},
month = {July},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-12-7-1267},
abstract = {The nature of guided modes and defect modes in periodic dielectric waveguides is investigated computationally for model systems in two dimensions. It is shown that defect states that exist within the band gap of guided modes can be excited to form tightly localized high-$Q$ resonances.}
}
@article{Joannopoulos95-nature,
author = {John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonics: Minding the gap},
journal = {Nature},
year = 1995,
volume = 375,
number = 6529,
pages = 278,
month = {May}
}
@article{JoannopoulosVi97-nature,
author = {J. D. Joannopoulos and Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan},
title = {Photonic crystals: Putting a new twist on light},
journal = {Nature},
year = 1997,
volume = 386,
pages = {143--149},
month = {March},
doi = {doi:10.1038/386143a0},
abstract = {Photonic crystals are materials patterned with a periodicity in dielectric constant, which can create a range of ``forbidden'' frequencies called a photonic bandgap. Photons with energies lying in the bandgap cannot propagate through the medium. This provides the opportunity to shape and mould the flow of light for photonic information technology.},
note = {Erratum: ibid. vol. 387, p. 830 (1997).}
}
@article{ForesiVi97,
author = {J. S. Foresi and P. R. Villeneuve and J. Ferrera and E. R. Thoen and G. Steinmeyer and S. Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos and L. C. Kimerling and Henry I. Smith and E. P. Ippen},
title = {Photonic-bandgap microcavities in optical waveguides},
journal = {Nature},
year = 1997,
volume = 390,
pages = {143--145},
month = {November},
doi = {doi:10.1038/36514},
abstract = {Confinement of light to small volumes has important implications for optical emission properties: it changes the probability of spontaneous emission from atoms, allowing both enhancement and inhibition. In photonic-bandgap (PBG) materials (also known as photonic crystals), light can be confined within a volume of the order of $(\lambda/2n)^3$, where $\lambda$ is the emission wavelength and $n$ the refractive index of the material, by scattering from a periodic array of scattering centres. Until recently, the properties of two- and three-dimensional PBG structures have been measured only at microwave frequencies. Because the optical bandgap scales with the period of the scattering centres, feature sizes of around 100 nm are needed for manipulation of light at the infrared wavelength (1.54 $\mu$m) used for optical communications. Fabricating features this small requires the use of electron-beam or X-ray lithography. Here we report measurements of microcavity resonances in PBG structures integrated directly into a sub-micrometre-scale silicon waveguide. The microcavity has a resonance at a wavelength of 1.56 $\mu$m, a quality factor of 265 and a modal volume of 0.055 $\mu$m$^3$. This level of integration might lead to new photonic chip architectures and devices, such as zero-threshold microlasers, filters and signal routers.}
}
@article{Joannopoulos01,
author = {John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonics: Self-assembly lights up},
journal = {Nature},
year = 2001,
volume = 414,
pages = {257--258},
month = {November},
doi = {doi:10.1038/35104718},
abstract = {Opals do it, even biomolecules do it, so why can't self-assembly be harnessed to create photonic crystals with near-perfect order? A new technique shows that absolute order may not require absolute control.}
}
@article{TemelkuranHa02,
author = {Burak Temelkuran and Shandon D. Hart and Gilles Benoit and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink},
title = {Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for {CO}$_2$ laser transmission},
journal = {Nature},
year = 2002,
volume = 420,
pages = {650--653},
month = {December},
doi = {doi:10.1038/nature01275},
abstract = {Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 $\mu$m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 $\mu$m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m$^{-1}$, orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.}
}
@article{BayindirSo04,
author = {Mehmet Bayindir and Fabien Sorin and Ayman F. Abouraddy and Jeff Viens and Shandon D. Hart and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink},
title = {Metal--insulator--semiconductor optoelectronic fibres},
journal = {Nature},
year = 2004,
volume = 431,
pages = {826--829},
month = {October},
doi = {doi:10.1038/nature02937},
abstract = {The combination of conductors, semiconductors and insulators with well-defined geometries and at prescribed length scales, while forming intimate interfaces, is essential in most functional electronic and optoelectronic devices. These are typically produced using a variety of elaborate wafer-based processes, which allow for small features, but are restricted to planar geometries and limited coverage area. In contrast, the technique of fibre drawing from a preformed reel or tube is simpler and yields extended lengths of highly uniform fibres with well-controlled geometries and good optical transport characteristics. So far, this technique has been restricted to particular materials and larger features. Here we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of fibres made of conducting, semiconducting and insulating materials in intimate contact and in a variety of geometries. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to construct a tunable fibre photodetector comprising an amorphous semiconductor core contacted by metallic microwires, and surrounded by a cylindrical-shell resonant optical cavity. Such a fibre is sensitive to illumination along its entire length (tens of meters), thus forming a photodetecting element of dimensionality one. We also construct a grid of such fibres that can identify the location of an illumination point. The advantage of this type of photodetector array is that it needs a number of elements of only order $N$, in contrast to the conventional order $N^2$ for detector arrays made of photodetecting elements of dimensionality zero.}
}
@article{VilleneuveFa95,
author = {Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos and Kuo-Yi Lim and G. S. Petrich and L. A. Kolodziejski and Rafael Reif},
title = {Air-bridge microcavities},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 1995,
volume = 67,
pages = {167--169},
month = {July},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/67/167/1},
abstract = {We introduce and analyze a new type of high-$Q$ microcavity consisting of a channel waveguide and a one-dimensional photonic crystal. A band gap for the guided modes is opened and a sharp resonant state is created by adding a single defect in the periodic system. An analysis of the eigenstates shows that strong field confinement of the defect state can be achieved with a modal volume less than half of a cubic half-wavelength. We also present a feasibility study for the fabrication of suspended structures with micron-sized features using semiconductor materials.}
}
@article{MeadeBr91-bloch,
author = {Robert D. Meade and Karl D. Brommer and Andrew M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Electromagnetic {Bloch} waves at the surface of a photonic crystal},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1991,
volume = 44,
pages = {10961--10964},
month = {November},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v44/p10961},
abstract = {We find that electromagnetic modes are localized at the interface between air and a photonic crystal. General arguments that surface modes must always exist for some termination of any surface of a photonic crystal are presented, and the importance of the surface band structure for semiconducting laser systems is discussed.}
}
@article{MeadeBr91-bound,
author = {Robert D. Meade and Karl D. Brommer and Andrew M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonic bound states in periodic dielectric materials},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1991,
volume = 44,
pages = {13772--13774},
month = {December},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v44/p13772},
abstract = {It is demonstrated that lattice imperfections in a periodic array of dielectric material can give rise to fully localized electromagnetic states. Calculations are performed by using a plane-wave expansion to solve Maxwell's equations. The frequency of these localized states is tunable by varying the size of the defect. Potential device applications in the microwave and millimeter wave regime are proposed.}
}
@article{MeadeRa93-accurate,
author = {R. D. Meade and A. M. Rappe and K. D. Brommer and J. D. Joannopoulos and O. L. Alerhand},
title = {Accurate theoretical analysis of photonic band-gap materials},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1993,
volume = 48,
pages = {8434--8437},
month = {September},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v48/p8434},
abstract = {Two improvements for the solution of Maxwell's equations in periodic dielectric media are introduced, abandoning the plane-wave cutoff and interpolating the dielectric function. These improvements permit the accurate study of previously inaccessible systems. Example calculations are discussed, employing a basis of $10^6$ plane waves for which these two improvements reduce both the memory and central processing unit requirements by $10^4$.},
note = {Erratum: ibid., vol. 55, p. 15942 (1997).}
}
@article{VilleneuveFa96,
author = {Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Microcavities in photonic crystals: Mode symmetry, tunability, and coupling efficiency},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1996,
volume = 54,
pages = {7837--7842},
month = {September},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v54/p7837},
abstract = {We investigate the properties of resonant modes which arise from the introduction of local defects in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D photonic crystals. We show that the properties of these modes can be controlled by simply changing the nature and size of the defects. We compute the frequency, polarization, symmetry, and field distribution of the resonant modes by solving Maxwell\u2019s equations in the frequency domain. The dynamic behavior of the modes is determined by using a finite-difference time-domain method which allows us to compute the coupling efficiency and the losses in the microcavity.}
}
@article{FanVi96,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Large omnidirectional band gaps in metallodielectric photonic crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1996,
volume = 54,
pages = {11245--11251},
month = {October},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v54/p11245},
abstract = {Using a finite-difference time-domain method, we study the band-structure and transmission properties of three-dimensional metallodielectric photonic crystals. The metallodielectric crystals are modeled as perfect electrical conducting objects embedded in dielectric media. We investigate two different lattice geometries: the face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattice and the diamond lattice. Partial gaps are predicted in the fcc lattice, in excellent agreement with recent experiments. Complete gaps are found in a diamond lattice of isolated metal spheres. The gaps appear between the second and third bands and their sizes can be larger than 60\% when the radius of the spheres exceeds 21\% of the cubic unit cell size. A possible fabrication scheme for this structure is proposed and transmission calculations are performed.}
}
@article{MekisFa98,
author = {Attila Mekis and Shanhui Fan and and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Bound states in photonic crystal waveguides and waveguide bends},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1998,
volume = 58,
pages = {4809-4817},
month = {August},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v58/p4809},
abstract = {We investigate the mechanism for the appearance of bound states in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides and contrast it with the corresponding mechanism for conventional guides. It is shown that the periodicity of the photonic crystal can give rise to frequency ranges above cutoff where no guided modes exist in the waveguides. Such mode gaps make possible the creation of bound states in constrictions and in bends. Bound states are found to correspond to analogous cavity modes and it is shown that their appearance strongly depends on the lattice geometry and cannot be described in a one-dimensional framework.}
}
@article{WinnFa99,
author = {Joshua N. Winn and Shanhui Fan and John D. Joannopoulos and Erich P. Ippen},
title = {Interband transitions in photonic crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1999,
volume = 59,
pages = {1551--1554},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v59/p1551},
abstract = {We present a formalism to describe transitions between photon modes in a photonic crystal with a temporally and spatially varying dielectric constant, in analogy to optical transitions between electronic states in metals and semiconductors. Resonant transitions between different photonic bands are discussed, and predictions of the theory are compared to electromagnetic simulations. We contrast the cases of electronic and photonic transitions, and explore how the photonic band structure allows opportunities for phase matching and stationary-wave generation in nonlinear optical frequency-conversion processes.}
}
@article{MekisFa99,
author = {A. Mekis and Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Absorbing boundary conditions for {FDTD} simulations of photonic crystal waveguides},
journal = {IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters},
year = 1999,
volume = 9,
number = 12,
pages = {502--504},
month = {December},
doi = {doi:10.1109/75.819374 },
abstract = {We present a novel numerical scheme for the reduction of spurious reflections in simulations of electromagnetic wave propagation in photonic crystal waveguides. We use a distributed Bragg reflector waveguide termination to reduce reflection from photonic crystal waveguide ends by improving k-matching for photonic crystal waveguided modes. We describe computational procedures and show that a significant reduction in reflection amplitude can be achieved across a large part of the guided mode spectrum. This method enables one to reduce simply and effectively the computational requirements in photonic crystal waveguide simulations.}
}
@article{FanVi99,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos and M. J. Khan and C. Manolatou and H. A. Haus},
title = {Theoretical analysis of channel drop tunneling processes},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 1999,
volume = 59,
pages = {15882--15892},
month = {June},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v59/p15882},
abstract = {We investigate general channel drop tunneling processes using both analytic theory and first-principles simulations. These tunneling processes occur when two one-dimensional continuums are brought into close proximity with a resonator system that supports localized states. Propagating states can be transferred between the continuums through the resonator system. We show that the transport properties are intricately related to the symmetries of the resonant states. Complete transfer can be achieved by manipulating the symmetries of the system, and by forcing an accidental degeneracy between states with different symmetries. In addition, the line shape of the transfer spectrum can be engineered by varying the number of localized states in the resonator system. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by first-principles simulations of transport properties in a two-dimensional photonic crystal.}
}
@article{ManolatouKh99,
author = {C. Manolatou and M. J. Khan and S. Fan and P. R. Villeneuve and H. A. Haus and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = { Coupling of modes analysis of resonant channel add-drop filters},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
year = 1999,
volume = 35,
number = 9,
pages = {1322--1331},
month = {September},
doi = {doi:10.1109/3.784592},
abstract = {The operation principle of resonant channel add-drop filters based on degenerate symmetric and antisymmetric standing-wave modes has been described elsewhere using group theoretical arguments. In this paper, the analysis is carried out using coupling of modes in time. A possible implementation of such a filter is a four-port system utilizing a pair of identical single-mode standing wave resonators. The analysis allows a simple derivation of the constraints imposed on the design parameters in order to establish degeneracy. Numerical simulations of wave propagation through such a filter are also shown, as idealized by a two-dimensional geometry.}
}
@article{KhanMa99,
author = {M. J. Khan and C. Manolatou and Shanhui Fan and P. R. Villeneuve and H. A. Haus and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Mode-coupling analysis of multipole symmetric resonant add/drop filters},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
year = 1999,
volume = 35,
number = 10,
pages = {1451--1460},
month = {October},
doi = {doi:10.1109/3.792565},
abstract = {Time-dependent mode-coupling theory is used to analyze a type of resonant add/drop filter based on the excitation of degenerate symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Flat-top transfer functions are achieved with higher order filters that utilize multiple resonator pairs, designed to satisfy the degeneracy conditions. The resulting analytic expressions lead to an equivalent circuit and the transfer characteristics of the filter are related to standard L-C circuit designs.}
}
@article{FanVi00,
author = {S. Fan and P. R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Rate-equation analysis of output efficiency and modulation rate of photonic-crystal light-emitting diodes},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics},
year = 2000,
volume = 36,
number = 10,
pages = {1123--1130},
month = {October},
doi = {doi:10.1109/3.880652},
abstract = {The performance characteristics of photonic-crystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are analyzed, taking into account the effects of both nonradiative recombination and photon reabsorption processes using multimode rate equations. It is shown that, in the presence of strong photon reabsorption, the optimum output efficiency and modulation rates are achieved when the width of the photon density-of-state distribution function is comparable to the width of the spontaneous emission lineshape of the active material. On the other hand, when photon reabsorption is weak, it becomes beneficial to construct high-$Q$ cavities. Based on this analysis, the characteristics of different photonic crystal LED configurations are discussed.}
}
@article{BayindirAb06,
author = {M. Bayindir and A. F. Abouraddy and O. Shapira and J. Viens and D. S. Saygin-Hinczewski and F. Sorin and J. Arnold and J. D. Joannopoulos and Y. Fink},
title = {Kilometer-Long Ordered Nanophotonic Devices by Preform-to-Fiber Fabrication},
journal = {IEEE J. Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics},
year = 2006,
volume = 12,
number = 6,
pages = {1202--1213},
month = {November},
doi = {doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2006.882666},
abstract = {A preform-to-fiber approach to the fabrication of functional fiber-based devices by thermal drawing in the viscous state is presented. A macroscopic preform rod containing metallic, semiconducting, and insulating constituents in a variety of geometries and close contact produces kilometer-long novel nanostructured fibers and fiber devices. We first review the material selection criteria and then describe metal–semiconductor–metal photosensitive and thermally sensitive fibers. These flexible, lightweight, and low-cost functional fibers may pave the way for new types of fiber sensors, such as thermal sensing fabrics, artificial skin, and large-area optoelectronic screens. Next, the preform-to-fiber approach is used to fabricate spectrally tunable photodetectors that integrate a photosensitive core and a nanostructured photonic crystal structure containing a resonant cavity. An integrated, self-monitoring optical-transmission waveguide is then described that incorporates optical transport and thermal monitoring. This fiber allows one to predict power-transmission failure, which is of paramount importance if high-power optical transmission lines are to be operated safely and reliably in medical, industrial and defense applications. A hybrid electron–photon fiber consisting of a hollow core (for optical transport by means of a photonic bandgap) and metallic wires (for electron transport) is described that may be used for transporting atoms and molecules by radiation pressure. Finally, a solid microstructured fiber fabricated with a highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass enables the generation of supercontinuum light at near-infrared wavelengths.}
}
@article{FanVi98,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos and H. A. Haus},
title = {Channel Drop Tunneling through Localized States},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1998,
volume = 80,
pages = {960--963},
month = {February},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v80/p960},
abstract = {We present a general analysis of the tunneling process through localized resonant states between one-dimensional continuums. We show that complete transfer can occur between the continuums by creating resonant states of different symmetry, and by forcing an accidental degeneracy between them. The degeneracy must exist in both the real and imaginary parts of the frequency. We illustrate the results of the analysis by performing computational simulations on the transport properties of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional photonic crystal.}
}
@article{SivenpiperYa98,
author = {D. F. Sievenpiper and E. Yablonovitch and J. N. Winn and S. Fan and P. R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {3D Metallo-Dielectric Photonic Crystals with Strong Capacitive Coupling between Metallic Islands},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1998,
volume = 80,
pages = {2829--2832},
month = {March},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v80/p2829},
abstract = {We introduce a new type of metallo-dielectric photonic band gap structure (PBG), intentionally incorporating very strong capacitive interactions between the periodic metallic islands. The band gaps become huge, with the lower band edge frequency being pushed down by the capacitive interaction between metallic islands, while the upper band edge frequency continues to depend primarily on the lattice constant, as in normal PBG's. With this new type of photonic crystal, the spatial periodicity can be much smaller than the corresponding electromagnetic wavelength, allowing PBG structures to play a role at radio frequencies.}
}
@article{MekisCh96,
author = {Attila Mekis and J. C. Chen and I. Kurland and Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {High Transmission through Sharp Bends in Photonic Crystals Waveguides},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1996,
volume = 77,
pages = {3787--3790},
month = {October},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v77/p3787},
abstract = {We demonstrate highly efficient transmission of light around sharp corners in photonic band-gap waveguides. Numerical simulations reveal complete transmission at certain frequencies, and very high transmission (>95\%) over wide frequency ranges. High transmission is observed even for $90^\circ$ bends with zero radius of curvature, with a maximum transmission of 98\% as opposed to 30\% for analogous conventional dielectric waveguides. We propose a simple one-dimensional scattering theory model with a dynamic frequency-dependent well depth to describe the transmission properties.}
}
@article{FanVi97,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos and E. F. Schubert},
title = {High Extraction Efficiency of Spontaneous Emission from Slabs of Photonic Crystals},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 1997,
volume = 78,
pages = {3294--3297},
month = {April},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v78/p3294},
abstract = {A thin slab of two-dimensional photonic crystal is shown to alter drastically the radiation pattern of spontaneous emission. More specifically, by eliminating all guided modes at the transition frequencies, spontaneous emission can be coupled entirely to free space modes, resulting in a greatly enhanced extraction efficiency. Such structures might provide a solution to the long-standing problem of poor light extraction from high refractive-index semiconductors in light-emitting diodes.}
}
@article{JoannopoulosVi97,
author = {J. D. Joannopoulos and Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan},
title = {Photonic crystals},
journal = {Solid State Communications},
year = 1997,
volume = 102,
number = {2--3},
pages = {165--173},
month = {April},
doi = {doi:10.1016/S0038-1098(96)00716-8},
abstract = {A new class of composite materials has emerged which provides a means to control and manipulate light. These materials, known as photonic crystals, are periodic arrays of dielectric scatteres in homogeneous dielectric matrices. They affect the properties of photons in much the same way a semiconductor affects the properties of an electron. Consequently, photons can have band structures, localized defect states, surface states, etc. The ability to mold and guide light will lead to many applications in the control of spontaneous emission and in the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices.}
}
@article{SkorobogatiyJo00,
author = {Maksim Skorobogatiy and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photon modes in photonic crystals undergoing rigid vibrations and rotations},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2000,
volume = 61,
pages = {15554--15557},
month = {June},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v61/p15554},
abstract = {We explore the nature of photon modes associated with photonic crystals undergoing rigid time-dependent spatial displacements in a noninertial frame of reference and prove that under certain conditions these modes retain many of the spatial symmetries allowed in a static photonic crystal. Moreover, it is proved quite generally that such noninertial modes possess a temporal Bloch-like symmetry. Conserved ``quantum numbers'' are identified and a convenient scheme for labeling noninertial modes is presented.},
note = {Erratum: ibid., vol. 62, pp. 13230--13231 (2000).}
}
@article{FanVi01,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos and H. A. Haus},
title = {Loss-induced on/off switching in a channel add/drop filter},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2001,
volume = 64,
pages = {245302--245308},
month = {December},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v64/e245302},
abstract = {We introduce a mechanism that provides an on/off switching capability in channel add-drop filter structures. These filters consist of two waveguides, a bus and a drop, coupled through a frequency-selective element. The switching functionality is achieved by incorporating materials with variable absorbing characteristics into the coupling element. When the variable material displays minimum absorption, the frequency channel of interest is transferred completely from the bus waveguide to the drop waveguide. When the variable material displays maximum absorption, the frequency channel is not transferred and remains essentially undisturbed in the bus waveguide. We also discuss the practical feasibility of realizing this approach using either electrical or mechanical means.}
}
@article{FanJo02,
author = {Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2002,
volume = 65,
pages = {235112--235119},
month = {June},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v65/e235112},
abstract = {We present a three-dimensional analysis of guided resonances in photonic crystal slab structures that leads to a new understanding of the complex spectral properties of such systems. Specifically, we calculate the dispersion diagrams, the modal patterns, and transmission and reflection spectra of these resonances. From these calculations, a key observation emerges involving the presence of two temporal pathways for transmission and reflection processes. Using this insight, we introduce a general physical model that explains the essential features of complex spectral properties. Finally, we show that the quality factors of these resonances are strongly influenced by the symmetry of the modes and the strength of the index modulation.}
}
@article{HuangBi03-polariton,
author = {Kerwyn Casey Huang and Peter Bienstman and John D. Joannopoulos and Keith A. Nelson and Shanhui Fan},
title = {Field Expulsion and Reconfiguration in Polaritonic Photonic Crystals},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2003,
volume = 90,
pages = {196402--196405},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e196402},
abstract = {We uncover a rich set of optical phenomena stemming from the incorporation of polar materials exhibiting transverse phonon polariton excitations into a photonic crystal structure. We identify in the frequency spectrum two regimes in which the dielectric response of the polaritonic medium can induce extreme localization of the electromagnetic energy. Our analysis of the effect of polarization and the interaction between the polariton and photonic band gaps on the Bloch states leads to a pair of mechanisms for sensitive frequency-controlled relocation and/or reconfiguration of the fields.},
note = {Erratum: ibid., vol. 92, p. 169901 (2004).}
}
@article{ReedSo03-color,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/shock_color_PRL.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Color of Shock Waves in Photonic Crystals},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2003,
volume = 90,
pages = {203904--203907},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v90/e203904},
abstract = {Unexpected and stunning new physical phenomena result when light interacts with a shock wave or shocklike dielectric modulation propagating through a photonic crystal. These new phenomena include the capture of light at the shock wave front and reemission at a tunable pulse rate and carrier frequency across the band gap, and bandwidth narrowing as opposed to the ubiquitous bandwidth broadening. To our knowledge, these effects do not occur in any other physical system and are all realizable under experimentally accessible conditions. Furthermore, their generality make them amenable to observation in a variety of time-dependent photonic crystal systems, which has significant technological implications.}
}
@article{HuangBi03-phonon,
author = {Kerwyn Casey Huang and Peter Bienstman and John. D. Joannopoulos and Keith A. Nelson and Shanhui Fan},
title = {Phonon-polariton excitations in photonic crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2003,
volume = 68,
pages = {075209--075220},
month = {August},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v68/e075209},
abstract = {The incorporation of materials which exhibit transverse phonon-polariton excitations into a photonic crystal produces an intricate optical system possessing unique and varied photon phenomena. In particular, we demonstrate theoretically that such a system will exhibit both near-dispersionless bands with field localization in the polaritonic material and metalliclike bands with complete flux expulsion in an extremely small frequency interval around the characteristic phonon frequency. Moreover, when the fundamental resonances of the polaritonic rods overlap with the bands of a geometrically identical metallodielectric crystal, nearby states will couple to produce a band in which the localized field varies continuously between two distinct nodal patterns, in an exceedingly small frequency range. We also discuss the implications of losses on these phenomena and verify that our results can be realized experimentally.},
note = {Erratum: ibid., vol. 68, p. 159903 (2004).}
}
@article{ReedSo03-doppler,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/rev_dopp_PRL.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Reversed {Doppler} Effect in Photonic Crystals},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2003,
volume = {Physical Review Letters},
pages = {133901--133904},
month = {September},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v91/e133901},
abstract = {Nonrelativistic reversed Doppler shifts have never been observed in nature and have only been speculated to occur in pathological systems with simultaneously negative effective permittivity and permeability. This Letter presents a different, new physical phenomenon that leads to a nonrelativistic reversed Doppler shift in light. It arises when light is reflected from a moving shock wave propagating through a photonic crystal. In addition to reflection of a single frequency, multiple discrete reflected frequencies or a 10 GHz periodic modulation can also be observed when a single carrier frequency of wavelength 1 $\mu$m is incident.}
}
@article{BermelJo04,
author = {Peter Bermel and J. D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink and Paul A. Lane and Charles Tapalian},
title = {Properties of radiating pointlike sources in cylindrical omnidirectionally reflecting waveguides},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2004,
volume = 69,
pages = {035316--035322},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v69/e035316},
abstract = {The behavior of pointlike electric dipole sources enclosed by an axially uniform, cylindrically symmetric waveguide of omnidirectionally reflecting material is analyzed. It is found that the emission spectrum of a source inside the waveguide is strongly modified by features resembling one-dimensional Van Hove singularities in the local density of states (LDOS). Additionally, more than 100\% of the power radiated by a dipole in vacuum can be captured at the end of the waveguide, owing to the overall enhancement of the LDOS (the Purcell effect). The effect of varying the positions and orientations of electric dipole sources is also studied.}
}
@article{JiangFe04,
author = {Xunya Jiang and Songlin Feng and C. M. Soukoulis and Jian Zi and J. D. Joannopoulos and H. Cao},
title = {Coupling, competition, and stability of modes in random lasers},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2004,
volume = 69,
pages = {104202--104208},
month = {March},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v69/e104202},
abstract = {We studied analytically and numerically the complex properties of random lasing modes. Mode repulsion in frequency domain for inhomogeneously broadened gain media was confirmed by our numerical results. We constructed a coupled-mode model to explain the synchronized lasing behavior for modes whose frequency difference is less than the homogeneous gain width. The stability of coupled modes was investigated. The effective competition coefficient Ce for two modes with both gain competition and field coupling is obtained analytically. In our numerical experiments, we also found the coupled oscillations of two lasing modes. From the analytical derivation, we demonstrated that such oscillations could reveal the field-coupling strength between the random modes.}
}
@article{HuangLi04,
author = {Kerwyn Casey Huang and Elefterios Lidorikis and Xunya Jiang and John D. Joannopoulos and Keith A. Nelson and Peter Bienstman and Shanhui Fan},
title = {Nature of lossy {Bloch} states in polaritonic photonic crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2004,
volume = 69,
pages = {195111--195120},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v69/e195111},
abstract = {We examine the effects of absorption losses in photonic crystal structures composed of polar materials which exhibit transverse phonon-polariton excitations. In order to explore the Bloch states of such a system, we study the two subspaces of the complete set of complex $(k,\omega)$states consisting of either real frequency, accessible through a frequency-domain method, or real-wave vector, which we determine using a frequency-dependent time-domain method. We describe analytically the conditions under which the imaginary frequency component of a real-wave-vector state is related to the imaginary-wave-vector component of a real-frequency state through a factor of the group velocity, and we present a one-dimensional lossy crystal as an example that satisfies these constraints. We also discover that the real-frequency states of a two-dimensional crystal bear little resemblance to the class of real-wave-vector states, due to interplay between the prohibitively large spatial decay of the states near the edge of the Brillouin zone and the existence of metalliclike states localized to the surrounding ambient dielectric region with much lower levels of loss. We then put these results in the context of possible experiments, including reflection of a plane-wave from a slab structure, and discuss the viability for observing the node switching and flux expulsion phenomena previously discovered in lossless crystals.}
}
@article{LuoNa04,
author = {Chiyan Luo and Arvind Narayanaswamy and Gang Chen and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Thermal Radiation from Photonic Crystals: A Direct Calculation},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2004,
volume = 93,
pages = {213905--213908},
month = {November},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v93/e213905},
abstract = {A classical simulation of equilibrium thermal emissivity from dispersive, lossy photonic crystals is presented. Normal emission results consistent with those assuming Kirchoff's law are obtained; i.e., a photonic crystal does not emit more than what a blackbody does. Significant enhancement, however, can be achieved over the radiation intensity from a uniform slab, indicating the potential usefulness of photonic crystals in incandescent lighting and thermal photovoltaic applications.}
}
@article{SoljacicLi05,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/disp-cav_PRE.pdf},
author = {Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Elefterios Lidorikis and Lene Vestergaard Hau and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Enhancement of microcavity lifetimes using highly dispersive materials},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2005,
volume = 71,
pages = {026602--026606},
month = {February},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e026602},
abstract = {We show analytically and numerically that highly dispersive media can be used to drastically increase lifetimes of high-$Q$ microresonators. In such a resonator, lifetime is limited either by undesired coupling to radiation, or by intrinsic absorption of the constituent materials. The presence of dispersion weakens coupling to the undesired radiation modes and also effectively reduces the material absorption.}
}
@article{TandonSo05,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/superprism_PNFA.pdf},
author = {S. N. Tandon and M. Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and G. S. Petrich and J. D. Joannopoulos and L. A. Kolodziejski},
title = {The superprism effect using large area 2D-periodic photonic crystal slabs},
journal = {Photonics and Nanostructures},
year = 2005,
volume = 3,
number = 1,
pages = {10--18},
month = {August},
doi = {doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2005.05.001},
abstract = {The ``superprism effect'' is an effect observed in photonic crystal structures whereby the direction of light propagation is extremely sensitive to the wavelength and angle of incidence. To realize the superprism effect, new structures are presented which rely on the sensitivity of the phase velocity in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slab to observe angular magnification outside the photonic crystal medium. Constant frequency contour calculations for a photonic crystal slab of finite thickness are used to predict the phase velocity superprism effect. Further analysis using 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that a large area photonic crystal and wide excitation beam are necessary for clear observation of the superprism effect. A fabrication technique is demonstrated to achieve the structure's required nanometer-sized features over centimeter-scale areas.}
}
@article{SkorobogatiyJo00-rigid,
author = {Maksim Skorobogatiy and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Rigid vibrations of a photonic crystal and induced interband transitions},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2000,
volume = 61,
pages = {5293--5302},
month = {February},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v61/p5293},
abstract = {We investigate the behavior of electromagnetic states associated with photonic crystals, which are undergoing rigid time-dependent translations in position space. It is shown, quite generally, that the Bloch wave vector q remains a conserved quantity and that an analogue of Bloch's theorem for a time-dependent solution of the states can be formulated. Special attention is focussed on time-dependent translations involving harmonic rigid vibrations of the photonic crystal. Under these conditions it is shown how, and to what extent, inter-band transitions can be induced between the various bands in a photonic crystal in a microwave regime. In particular, a characteristic resonance transition time can be derived, which scales inversely with the amplitude of vibration and interband frequency. Finally, it is argued that given all parameters other than Bloch wave vector fixed, an interband transition time is minimized if the transition is made at a Bragg plane.}
}
@article{ShapiraAb05,
author = {Ofer Shapira and Ayman F. Abouraddy and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink},
title = {Complete Modal Decomposition for Optical Waveguides},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2005,
volume = 94,
pages = {143902--143905},
month = {April},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v94/e143902},
abstract = {Virtually all electromagnetic waveguiding structures support a multiplicity of modes. Nevertheless, to date, an experimental method for unique decomposition of the fields in terms of the component eigenmodes has not been realized. The fundamental problem is that all current attempts of modal decomposition do not yield phase information. Here we introduce a noninterferometric approach to achieve modal decomposition of the fields at the output of a general waveguiding structure. The technique utilizes a mapping of the two-dimensional field distribution onto the one-dimensional space of waveguide eigenmodes, together with a phase-retrieval algorithm to extract the amplitudes and phases of all the guided vectorial modes. Experimental validation is provided by using this approach to examine the interactions of 16 modes in a hollow-core photonic-band gap fiber.}
}
@article{ChanLi05,
author = {David L. Chan and E. Lidorikis and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Point defect geometries in inverted opal photonic crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2005,
volume = 71,
pages = {056602--056607},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v71/e056602},
abstract = {We study point defect geometries in inverted opal photonic crystals that can be easily fabricated by means of colloidal self-assembly. Two broad classes of defects are considered: substitutional and interstitial. Substitutional point defects are found to introduce a usable defect band into the photonic band gap. This can be done by using a silica sphere of radius between 0.33$a$ and 0.35$a$ (where $a$ is the lattice constant). The state is triply degenerate. Reflectance and local density of states calculations are performed to verify the existence and frequency of this defect. The point defect can be made by precoating shrunk silica spheres with a thin layer of silicon. Such a defect can be used as a microcavity for localizing light at a point, with a quality factor $Q$ that is limited primarily by the proximity of the defect to the surface of the photonic crystal and other such defects.}
}
@article{KaralisLi05,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/SP_PRL.pdf},
author = {Aristeidis Karalis and E. Lidorikis and Mihai Ibanescu and J. D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Surface-Plasmon-Assisted Guiding of Broadband Slow and Subwavelength Light in Air},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2005,
volume = 95,
pages = {063901},
month = {August},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/e063901},
abstract = {A class of axially uniform waveguides is introduced, employing a new mechanism to guide light inside a low-index dielectric material without the use of photonic band gap, and simultaneously exhibiting subwavelength modal size and very slow group velocity over an unusually large frequency bandwidth. Their basis is the presence of plasmonic modes on the interfaces between dielectric regions and the flat unpatterned surface of a bulk metallic substrate. These novel waveguides allow for easy broadband coupling and exhibit absorption losses limited only by the intrinsic loss of the metal.}
}
@article{ReedSo06,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/shocked_polaritons_PRL.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Richard Gee and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Coherent Optical Photons from Shock Waves in Crystals},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2006,
volume = 96,
pages = {013904},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e013904},
abstract = {We predict that coherent electromagnetic radiation in the 1\u2013100 THz frequency range can be generated in crystalline materials when subject to a shock wave or solitonlike propagating excitation. To our knowledge, this phenomenon represents a fundamentally new form of coherent optical radiation source that is distinct from lasers and free-electron lasers. The radiation is generated by the synchronized motion of large numbers of atoms when a shock wave propagates through a crystal. General analytical theory and NaCl molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate coherence lengths on the order of mm (around 20 THz) and potentially greater. The emission frequencies are determined by the shock speed and the lattice constants of the crystal and can potentially be used to determine atomic-scale properties of the shocked material.}
}
@article{IbanescuRe06,
author = {Mihai Ibanescu and Evan J. Reed and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Enhanced Photonic Band-Gap Confinement via {Van Hove} Saddle Point Singularities},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2006,
volume = 96,
pages = {033904},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e033904},
abstract = {We show that a saddle point Van Hove singularity in a band adjacent to a photonic crystal band gap can lead to situations which defy the conventional wisdom that the strongest band-gap confinement is found at frequencies near the midgap. As an example, we present a two-dimensional square photonic crystal waveguide where the strongest confinement is close to the band edge. The underlying mechanism can also apply to any system that is described by a band structure with a gap. In general, the saddle point favors the appearance of a very flat band, which in turn results in an enhanced confinement at band-gap frequencies immediately above or below the flat band.}
}
@article{ReedSo06-comment,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/inv_doppler_comment_PRL.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Comment on ``Explanation of the Inverse {Doppler} Effect Observed in Nonlinear Transmission Lines''},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2006,
volume = 96,
pages = {069402},
month = {February},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v96/e069402},
abstract = {A Comment on the Letter by Alexander B. Kozyrev and Daniel W. van der Weide, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 203902 (2005). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.}
}
@article{BermelLi06,
author = {Peter Bermel and Elefterios Lidorikis and Yoel Fink and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Active materials embedded in photonic crystals and coupled to electromagnetic radiation},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2006,
volume = 73,
pages = {165125},
month = {April},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v73/e165125},
abstract = {A calculational scheme is presented to model the interaction of light with active dielectric media, represented by four-level atomic materials, surrounded by photonic crystals. Optically pumped lasing is studied in three model systems: a Fabry-Perot cavity, a line of defects in a two-dimensional square lattice of rods, and a cylindrical photonic crystal. Field profiles and conversion efficiencies are calculated for these systems. It is shown that high conversion efficiency can be achieved for large regions of active material in the cavity, as well as for a single fluorescent atom in a hollow-core cylindrical photonic crystal, suggesting designs for ultralow-threshold lasers and ultrasensitive biological sensors.}
}
@article{ChanSo06-1d,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/thermal_2D_OE.pdf},
author = {David L. Chan and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Thermal emission and design in one-dimensional periodic metallic photonic crystal slabs},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2006,
volume = 74,
pages = {016609},
month = {July},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v74/e016609},
abstract = {We present a useful framework within which we can understand some of the physical phenomena that drive thermal emission in one-dimensional periodic metallic photonic crystals, emphasizing phenomenology and physical intuition. We perform detailed numerical calculations for these systems and find that polarization and periodicity play key roles in determining the types of physical phenomena that can arise. Two promising structures are identified as good candidates for thermal design. We conclude with a discussion of how the emissive properties of these systems can be tailored to our needs.}
}
@article{ChanSo06-3d,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/thermal_3D_PRE.pdf},
author = {David L. Chan and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Direct calculation of thermal emission for three-dimensionally periodic photonic-crystal slabs},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2006,
volume = 74,
pages = {036615},
month = {September},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v74/e036615},
abstract = {We perform direct thermal emission calculations for three-dimensionally periodic photonic crystal slabs using stochastic electrodynamics following the Langevin approach, implemented via a finite-difference time-domain algorithm. We demonstrate that emissivity and absorptivity are equal, by showing that such photonic crystal systems emit as much radiation as they absorb, for every frequency, up to statistical fluctuations. We also study the effect of surface termination on absorption and emission spectra from these systems.}
}
@article{BravoAbadIb06,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/BEC_PhC_guiding_PRA.pdf},
author = {J. Bravo-Abad and M. Ibanescu and J. D. Joannopoulos and M. Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Photonic crystal optical waveguides for on-chip {Bose}-{Einstein} condensates},
journal = {Physical Review~A},
year = 2006,
volume = 74,
pages = {053619},
month = {November},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v74/e053619},
abstract = {We propose an on-chip optical waveguide for Bose-Einstein condensates based on the evanescent light fields created by surface states of a photonic crystal. It is shown that the modal properties of these surface states can be tailored to confine the condensate at distances from the chip surface significantly longer that those that can be reached by using conventional index-contrast guidance. We numerically demonstrate that by index-guiding the surface states through two parallel waveguides, the atomic cloud can be confined in a two-dimensional trap at about 1 $\mu$m above the structure using a power of 0.1 mW.}
}
@article{ChanCe06,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/thermal_fano_PRA.pdf},
author = {David L. Chan and Ivan Celanovic and J. D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Emulating one-dimensional resonant {$Q$}-matching behavior in a two-dimensional system via {Fano} resonances},
journal = {Physical Review~A},
year = 2006,
volume = 74,
pages = {064901},
month = {December},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v74/e064901},
abstract = {Through detailed numerical and analytical studies, we establish that the significant enhancement of thermal emission via $Q$ matching, which has been possible in one-dimensional (1D) systems only, can be extended to two-dimensional (2D) systems by means of Fano resonances in the 2D system. In particular, we show the existence of essentially 1D behavior in a 2D system---a case of reduced dimensionality. Moreover, we show how properties of these spectra can be controlled by changing the geometrical parameters of the 2D system.}
}
@article{HamamKa07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/CMT_scattering_PRA.pdf},
author = {Rafif E. Hamam and Aristeidis Karalis and J. D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Coupled-mode theory for general free-space resonant scattering of waves},
journal = {Physical Review~A},
year = 2007,
volume = 75,
pages = {053801},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v75/e053801},
abstract = {We present a universal coupled-mode-theory treatment of free-space scattering of waves from resonant objects. The range of applicability of the presented approach is fairly broad: it can be used for almost any linear wave system, as long as the resonant scatterer has either three-dimensional (3D) spherical or 2D cylindrical symmetry, or else is sufficiently smaller than the resonant wavelength of the incident wave. The presented framework, while being intuitive and analytically simple, can nevertheless provide quantitatively very accurate modeling of scattering cross sections, absorption cross sections, and many other quantities of interest. We illustrate this approach by showing how it applies to the particular examples of scattering of light from spherically symmetric resonant objects and atoms, and scattering of neutrons off nuclei.}
}
@article{ReedAr07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/THz_review_Mat_Today.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Michael R. Armstrong and Kiyong Kim and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Richard Gee and James H. Glownia and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Terahertz radiation from shocked materials},
journal = {Materials Today},
year = 2007,
volume = 10,
number = {7--8},
pages = {44--50},
month = {July},
doi = {doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70179-7},
abstract = {Distinct physical mechanisms for the generation of temporally coherent, narrow bandwidth optical radiation are few and rare in nature. Such sources, including lasers, have widespread applications ranging from spectroscopy to interferometry. We review the recent theoretical prediction of a new type of temporally coherent optical radiation source in the 1--100 THz frequency range that can be realized when crystalline polarizable materials like NaCl are subject to a compressive shock wave.}
}
@article{ReedSo07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/shocked_crystals_PRE.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Maxwell equation simulations of coherent optical photon emission from shock waves in crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2007,
volume = 75,
pages = {056611},
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v75/e056611},
abstract = {We have predicted that weak coherent radiation in the 1\u2013100 THz frequency regime can be emitted under some circumstances when a shock wave propagates through a polarizable crystal, like NaCl [Reed et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 013904 (2006)]. In this work, we present and analyze a new model of a shocked polarizable crystal that is amenable to systematic analytical study and direct numerical solution of Maxwell's equations to predict emitted coherent field amplitudes and properties. Our simulations and analysis indicate that the field amplitude of the effect decreases rapidly with increasing shock front rise distance. These models establish a fundamental limit of the ratio of emitted terahertz amplitude to the static polarization of a material. While this effect is treated classically in our previous work, we present a quantum perturbation analysis showing that it can also occur in the low-amplitude emission quantum limit.}
}
@article{BermelRo07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/Purcell_chi3_PRL.pdf},
author = {Peter Bermel and Alejandro Rodriguez and John D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Tailoring Optical Nonlinearities via the {Purcell} Effect},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2007,
volume = 99,
pages = {053601},
month = {August},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/e053601},
abstract = {We predict that the effective nonlinear optical susceptibility can be tailored using the Purcell effect. While this is a general physical principle that applies to a wide variety of nonlinearities, we specifically investigate the Kerr nonlinearity. We show theoretically that using the Purcell effect for frequencies close to an atomic resonance can substantially influence the resultant Kerr nonlinearity for light of all (even highly detuned) frequencies. For example, in realistic physical systems, enhancement of the Kerr coefficient by one to two orders of magnitude could be achieved.}
}
@article{WangCh07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/one-way_PRL.pdf},
author = {Zheng Wang and Y. D. Chong and John D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Reflection-Free One-Way Edge Modes in a Gyromagnetic Photonic Crystal},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
year = 2008,
volume = 100,
pages = {013905},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v100/e013905},
abstract = {We point out that electromagnetic one-way edge modes analogous to quantum Hall edge states, originally predicted by Raghu and Haldane in 2D photonic crystals possessing Dirac point-derived band gaps, can appear in more general settings. We show that the TM modes in a gyromagnetic photonic crystal can be formally mapped to electronic wave functions in a periodic electromagnetic field, so that the only requirement for the existence of one-way edge modes is that the Chern number for all bands below a gap is nonzero. In a square-lattice yttrium-iron-garnet crystal operating at microwave frequencies, which lacks Dirac points, time-reversal breaking is strong enough that the effect should be easily observable. For realistic material parameters, the edge modes occupy a 10\% band gap. Numerical simulations of a one-way waveguide incorporating this crystal show 100\% transmission across strong defects.}
}
@article{KaralisJo08,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/wireless-power_AoP.pdf},
author = {Aristeidis Karalis and J. D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer},
journal = {Annals of Physics},
year = 2008,
volume = 323,
number = 1,
pages = {34--48},
month = {January},
doi = {doi:10.1016/j.aop.2007.04.017},
abstract = {We investigate whether, and to what extent, the physical phenomenon of long-lifetime resonant electromagnetic states with localized slowly-evanescent field patterns can be used to transfer energy efficiently over non-negligible distances, even in the presence of extraneous environmental objects. Via detailed theoretical and numerical analyses of typical real-world model-situations and realistic material parameters, we establish that such a non-radiative scheme can strong coupling between two medium-range distant such states and thus could indeed be practical for efficient medium-range wireless energy transfer. }
}
@article{KurikiSh04,
author = {Ken Kuriki and Ofer Shapira and Shandon Hart and Gilles Benoit and Yuka Kuriki and Jean Viens and Mehmet Bayindir and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink},
title = {Hollow multilayer photonic bandgap fibers for {NIR} applications},
journal = {Optics Express},
year = 2004,
volume = 12,
pages = {1510--1517},
month = {April},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-12-8-1510},
abstract = {Here we report the fabrication of hollow-core cylindrical photonic bandgap fibers with fundamental photonic bandgaps at near-infrared wavelengths, from 0.85 to 2.28 $\mu$m. In these fibers the photonic bandgaps are created by an all-solid multilayer composite meso-structure having a photonic crystal lattice period as small as 260 nm, individual layers below 75 nm and as many as 35 periods. These represent, to the best of our knowledge, the smallest period lengths and highest period counts reported to date for hollow PBG fibers. The fibers are drawn from a multilayer preform into extended lengths of fiber. Light is guided in the fibers through a large hollow core that is lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. We extend the range of materials that can be used in these fibers to include poly(ether imide) (PEI) in addition to the arsenic triselenide (As$_2$Se$_3$) glass and poly(ether sulfone) (PES) that have been used previously. Further, we characterize the refractive indices of these materials over a broad wavelength range (0.25 -- 15 $\mu$m) and incorporated the measured optical properties into calculations of the fiber photonic band structure and a preliminary loss analysis.}
}
@article{MaesSo06,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/symmetry-breaking_OE.pdf},
author = {Bjorn Maes and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and John D. Joannopoulos and Peter Bienstman and Roel Baets and Simon-Pierre Gorza and Marc Haelterman},
title = {Switching through symmetry breaking in coupled nonlienar micro-cavities},
journal = {Optics Express},
year = 2006,
volume = 14,
pages = {10678--10683},
month = {October},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-22-10678},
abstract = {We describe stable symmetry-breaking states in systems with two coupled nonlinear cavities, using coupled-mode theory and rigorous simulations. Above a threshold input level the symmetric state of the passive Kerr system becomes unstable, and we show how this phenomenon can be employed for switching and flip-flop purposes, using positive pulses only. A device with compact photonic crystal microcavities is proposed by which we numerically demonstrate the principle.}
}
@article{FinkRi99,
author = {Yoel Fink and Daniel J. Ripin and Shanhui Fan and Chiping Chen and John D. Joannopoulos and Edwin L. Thomas},
title = {Guiding Optical Light in Air Using an All Dielectric Structure},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
year = 1999,
volume = 17,
number = 11,
pages = {2039--2041},
month = {November},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JLT-17-11-2039},
abstract = {The emergence of a dielectric omnidirectional multilayer structure [1]-[4] opens new opportunities for low loss broad-band guiding of light in air. We demonstrate the effectiveness of such an approach by fabricating a broad-band, low-loss hollow waveguide in the 10-$\mu$m region and measuring its transmission around a $90^\circ$ bend. The generality of the solution enables the application of the method to many wavelengths of interest important in telecommunication applications as well as for guiding high-power lasers in medical and other fields of use.}
}
@article{LuoSo04,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/superprism_OL.pdf},
author = {Chiyan Luo and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos },
title = {Superprism effect based on phase velocities},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 2004,
volume = 29,
pages = {745--747},
month = {April},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-29-7-745},
abstract = {The superprism effect has been studied in the past by use of the anomalous group velocities of optical waves in photonic crystals. We suggest the possibility of realizing agile beam steering based on purely phase-velocity effects. We present designs of photonic crystal prisms that might make experimental observation of this effect possible.}
}
@article{AbouraddySh06,
author = {Ayman F. Abouraddy and Ofer Shapira and Mehmet Bayindir and Jerimy Arnold and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink },
title = {Fabrics that ``See'': Photosensitive Fibers},
journal = {Optics and Photonics News},
year = 2006,
volume = 17,
pages = {21},
month = {December},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPN-17-12-21},
abstract = {We can now construct conformal detectors that allow us to have optically functional clothing.}
}
@article{WinnFi99,
author = {Joshua N. Winn and Yoel Fink and Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos },
title = {Omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional photonic crystal},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 1998,
volume = 23,
pages = {1573--1575},
month = {October},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-23-20-1573},
abstract = {We demonstrate that one-dimensional photonic crystal structures (such as multilayer films) can exhibit complete reflection of radiation in a given frequency range for all incident angles and polarizations. We derive a general criterion for this behavior that does not require materials with very large indices. We perform numerical studies that illustrate this effect.}
}
@article{FinkUr99,
author = {Yoel Fink and Augustine M. Urbas and Moungi G. Bawendi and John D. Joannopoulos and Edwin L. Thomas },
title = {Block Copolymers as Photonic Bandgap Materials},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
year = 1999,
volume = 17,
number = 11,
pages = {1963--1969},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JLT-17-11-1963},
doi = {doi:10.1109/50.802981},
abstract = {Block copolymers self-assemble into one-, two-, and three-dimensional periodic equilibrium structures, which can exhibit photonic bandgaps. This paper outlines a methodology for producing photonic crystals at optical length scales from block copolymers. Techniques for enhancing the intrinsic dielectric contrast between the block copolymer domains, as well as increasing the characteristic microdomain distances, and controlling defects are presented. To demonstrate the applicability of this methodology, a self-assembled one-dimensional periodic structure has been fabricated that reflects visible light. The wealth of structures into which block copolymers can assemble and the multiple degrees of freedom that can be built into these materials on the molecular level offer a large parameter space for tailoring new types of photonic crystals at optical length scales.}
}
@article{RipinLi99,
author = {Daniel J. Ripin and Kuo-Yi Lim and G. S. Petrich and Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan and E. R. Thoen and John D. Joannopoulos and E. P. Ippen and L. A. Kolodziejski},
title = {One-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Microcavities for Strong Optical Confinement in {GaAs} and {GaAs}/{Al}$_x${O}$_y$ Semiconductor Waveguides},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
year = 1999,
volume = 17,
month = {November},
number = 11,
pages = {2152--2160},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JLT-17-11-2152},
abstract = {Photonic bandgap (PBG) waveguide microcavities with tightly confined resonant optical modes have been designed, fabricated using high-dielectric-contrast GaAs/Al$_x$O$_y$ III--V compound semiconductor structures, and characterized optically. The photonic crystal lattices are defined by one-dimensional (1-D) arrays of holes in waveguides, and a controlled defect in the spacing between two holes of an array defines a microcavity. Waveguide microcavity resonances have been studied in both monorail and suspended air-bridge geometries. Resonance states with cavity $Q$'s as high as 360 were measured at wavelengths near 1.55 $\mu$m, with modal volumes as small as 0.026 $\mu$m$^3$, which corresponds to only two times $(\lambda/2n)^3$.}
}
@article{RipinLi00,
author = {D. J. Ripin and Kuo-Yi Lim and G. S. Petrich and Pierre R. Villeneuve and Shanhui Fan and E. R. Thoen and J. D. Joannopoulos and E. P. Ippen and L. A. Kolodziejski},
title = {Photonic band gap airbridge microcavity resonances in {GaAs}/{Al}$_x${O}$_y$ waveguides},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
year = 2000,
volume = 87,
pages = {1578--1580},
month = {February},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/87/1578/1},
abstract = {Photonic band gap waveguide microcavities were designed, fabricated, and measured in a high-dielectric-contrast GaAs/Al$_x$O$_y$ III--V compound semiconductor structure. The photonic crystal is defined by a regularly spaced one-dimensional array of holes in the waveguide. By controlling the spacing between the two central holes, the microcavity is formed. The waveguide microcavity is suspended in the airbridge geometry to further increase optical confinement. Resonance states with cavity quality factors as high as 360 were measured at wavelengths near 1.55 $\mu$m, with modal volumes as small as 0.026 $\mu$m$^3$.}
}
@article{RoundyLi04,
author = {David Roundy and Eleftherios Lidorikis and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Polarization-selective waveguide bends in a photonic crystal structure with layered square symmetry},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
year = 2004,
volume = 96,
pages = {7750--7752},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/96/7750/1},
abstract = {We demonstrate single-mode horizontal and vertical waveguides in a recently proposed photonic crystal having layered square symmetry. The vertical waveguide supports two degenerate polarizations, and thus light can be selectively steered into horizontal waveguides oriented at $90^\circ$ based on its polarization. We calculate the transmission of $90^\circ$ bends, both from horizontal waveguide to horizontal waveguide and from horizontal waveguide to vertical waveguide. In the case of the horizontal-horizontal bend, we show a transmission of 83\% for a simple (``zero'' radius of curvature) bend, and a peak transmission of 100\% for a bend which has been optimized by moving one rod from the inner corner to the outer corner of the bend. For the vertical to horizontal bend, we find a transmission of 95\% for the allowed polarization, but with a much smaller bandwidth than in the case of the optimized horizontal bend.}
}
@article{LidorikisSo04,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/cutoff_soliton_OL.pdf},
author = {Elefterios Lidorikis and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Mihai Ibanescu Yoel Fink and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Cutoff solitons in axially uniform systems},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 2004,
volume = 29,
pages = {851--853},
month = {April},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-29-8-851},
abstract = {The optical response of axially uniform nonlinear photonic bandgap fibers is studied theoretically. We observe gap-soliton-like generation and associated bistability, similar to what is typically found in periodically modulated nonlinear structures. This response stems from the nature of the guided-mode dispersion relations, which involve a frequency cutoff at zero wave vector. In such systems, solutions with zero group velocities and minimal coupling to radiation modes come in naturally. We term such solitons ``cutoff solitons''; they provide an interesting alternative to gap solitons in periodically index-modulated fibers for in-fiber all-optical signal processing.}
}
@article{ShapiraKu06,
author = {Ofer Shapira and Ken Kuriki and Nicholas D. Orf and Ayman F. Abouraddy and Gilles Benoit and Jean F. Viens and Alejandro Rodriguez and Mihai Ibanescu and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink and Megan M. Brewster },
title = {Surface-emitting fiber lasers},
journal = {Optics Express},
year = 2006,
volume = 14,
pages = {3929--3935},
month = {May},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-9-3929},
abstract = {All fiber lasers to date emit radiation only along the fiber axis. Here a fiber that exhibits laser emission that is radially directed from its circumferential surface is demonstrated. A unique and controlled azimuthally anisotropic optical wave front results from the interplay between a cylindrical photonic bandgap fiber resonator, anisotropic organic dye gain, and a linearly polarized axial pump. Low threshold (86nJ) lasing at nine different wavelengths is demonstrated throughout the visible and near-infrared spectra. We also report the experimental realization of unprecedented layer thicknesses of 29.5 nm maintained throughout meter-long fibers. Such a device may have interesting medical applications ranging from photodynamic therapy to in vivo molecular imaging, as well as textile fabric displays.}
}
@article{TemelkuranTh01,
author = {B. Temelkuran and E. L. Thomas and J. D. Joannopoulos and Y. Fink},
title = {Low-loss infrared dielectric material system for broadband dual-range omnidirectional reflectivity},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 2001,
volume = 26,
pages = {1370--1372},
month = {September},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-26-17-1370},
abstract = {A material system for broadband thermal IR applications based on branched polyethylene and tellurium is introduced. This system exhibits low absorption losses from 3.5 to 35 $\mu$m , has a large index contrast, and is readily deposited as a thin film. These unique features were used to investigate the formation of an omnidirectional reflector that exhibits two distinct, broadband omnidirectional ranges at thermal wavelengths. Reflectivity measurements are presented that confirm the existence of two omnidirectional ranges in the solar atmospheric windows extending from 8 to 12 $\mu$m and from 4.5 to 5.5 $\mu$m . The measurements are in good agreement with simulations.}
}
@article{RobertsonAr93-surface,
author = {W. M. Robertson and G. Arjavalingam and R. D. Meade and K. D. Brommer and A. M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Observation of surface photons on periodic dielectric arrays},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 1993,
volume = 18,
pages = {528--530},
month = {April},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-18-7-528},
abstract = {The first observation to the authors' knowledge of electromagnetic surface waves in a two-dimensional dielectric crystal is reported. By using the coherent microwavetransient spectroscopytechnique, surface waves are shown to exist at frequencies within the photonic band gap for certain lattice terminations. Energy at gigahertz frequencies is coupled into the surface mode using a prism coupling technique. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
}
}
@article{ShapiraSt07,
author = {Ofer Shapira and Alexander Stolyarov and Nicholas D. Orf and Ken Kuriki and Ayman F. Abouraddy and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink },
title = {Towards Dynamic Surface-Emitting Fiber Lasers},
journal = {Optics and Photonics News},
year = 2007,
volume = 18,
pages = {26--31},
month = {May},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPN-18-5-26},
abstract = {The surface-emitting fiber laser combines characteristics of fiber lasers and VCSELs that could be translated into new and exciting applications in medicine, security and ``smart'' fabrics.}
}
@article{RobertsonAr93,
author = {W. M. Robertson and G. Arjavalingam and R. D. Meade and K. D. Brommer and A. M. Rappe and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Measurement of the photon dispersion relation in two-dimensional ordered dielectric arrays},
journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America~B},
year = 1993,
volume = 10,
pages = {322--327},
month = {February},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-10-2-322},
abstract = {We characterize the dispersion relation for electromagnetic-wave propagation in two-dimensional dielectric arrays, using the coherent microwave transient spectroscopy technique. Results of measurements along various symmetry directions of square and triangular lattices are presented. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations made by using the plane-wave expansion technique. The theoretical calculations predict that transmission via certain modes is forbidden by symmetry, and our experimental results confirm this prediction.}
}
@article{MeadeRa93,
author = {R. D. Meade and A. M. Rappe and K. D. Brommer and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Nature of the photonic band gap: some insights from field analysis},
journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America~B},
year = 1993,
volume = 10,
pages = {328--332},
month = {February},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-10-2-328},
abstract = {To clarify the nature of photonic band gaps, a series of calculations on two-dimensional photonic crystals is undertaken. Systems that possess a large gap for one polarization and no gap for the other polarization are analyzed. Two features of a photonic crystal that give rise to a large photonic band gap for each polarization, i.e., connectivity and concentration of the dielectric material, are elucidated. The implications for making materials with large photonic band gaps in two and three dimensions are discussed.}
}
@article{FanWinn95,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Joshua N. Winn and Adrian Devenyi and J. C. Chen and Robert D. Meade and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Guided and defect modes in periodic dielectric waveguides},
journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America~B},
year = 1995,
volume = 12,
pages = {1267--1272},
month = {July},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-12-7-1267},
abstract = {The nature of guided modes and defect modes in periodic dielectric waveguides is investigated computationally for model systems in two dimensions. It is shown that defect states that exist within the band gap of guided modes can be excited to form tightly localized high-$Q$ resonances.}
}
@article{VilleneuveAb96,
author = {Pierre R. Villeneuve and Daniel S. Abrams and Shanhui Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Single-mode waveguide microcavity for fast optical switching},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 1996,
volume = 21,
pages = {2017--2019},
month = {December},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-21-24-2017},
abstract = {We investigate the proper ties of a tunable single-mode waveg uide microcavity that is well suited for frequency modulation and switching. The cavity mode has a volume of less than one cubic half-wavelength, and the resonant frequency is tuned by refractive-index modulation. We suggest using a photorefractive ef fect to drive the device, based on the photoionization of deep donor levels known as DX centers in compound semiconductors. Picosecond on \u2013 of f switching times are achievable when two of these cavities are placed in ser ies. The resulting switch has the advantages of being compact and requir ing as little as 10 pJ of energ y of operate.}
}
@article{ChenHa96,
author = {J. C. Chen and H. A. Haus and Shanhui Fan and P. R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Optical filters from photonic band gap air bridges},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
year = 1996,
volume = 14,
number = 11,
pages = {2575--2580},
month = {November},
doi = {doi:10.1109/50.548157},
abstract = {Surrounding waveguides by air reduces radiation losses so the air bridge geometry can produce optical filters with sharp transmission resonances and very wide stop bands.}
}
@article{MekisJo01,
author = {Attila Mekins and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides},
journal = {Journal of Lightwave Technology},
year = 2001,
volume = 19,
number = 9,
pages = {861--865},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JLT-19-6-861},
doi = {doi:10.1109/50.927519},
abstract = {We design tapered waveguide junctions for coupling between photonic crystal and traditional dielectric waveguides and evaluate their transmission efficiency. While the transmission efficiency is less than 60\% using no taper,the tapered couplers have over 90\% power transmission. We show that different types of couplers are needed for efficient coupling into and out of photonic crystal waveguides.}
}
@article{MekisDo00,
author = {Attila Mekis and A. Dodabalapur and R. E. Slusher and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Two-dimensional photonic crystal couplers for unidirectional light output},
journal = {Optics Letters},
year = 2000,
volume = 25,
pages = {942--944},
month = {July},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-25-13-942},
abstract = {We investigate the use of two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs to improve the directionality of output coupling from planar waveguides and distributed-feedback lasers. We present the theory underlying the operation of such structures and design criteria for emission in desired directions. As an example, we demonstrate a vertical coupler that is integrated with an organic distributed-feedback laser, use computer simulations to find its coupling constant and efficiency, and then discuss its feasibility.}
}
@article{FanAp99,
author = {Shanhui Fan and Ian Appelbaum and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Near-field scanning optical microscopy as a simultaneous probe of fields and band structure of photonic crystals: A computational study},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 1999,
volume = 75,
pages = {3461--3463},
month = {November},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/75/3461/1},
abstract = {We demonstrate the feasibility of employing near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) imaging to simultaneously obtain both the eigenfield distribution and the band-structure information of a photonic crystal. We introduce the NSOM measurement configuration required and simulate the imaging process, with both the tip and the sample included, using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain calculations. Both the field-pattern and the frequency--wave-vector relations of photonic crystal eigenmodes are revealed by analyzing simulated images.}
}
@article{ErchakRi01,
author = {Alexei A. Erchak and Daniel J. Ripin and Shanhui Fan and Peter Rakich and John D. Joannopoulos and Erich P. Ippen and Gale S. Petrich and Leslie A. Kolodziejski},
title = {Enhanced coupling to vertical radiation using a two-dimensional photonic crystal in a semiconductor light-emitting diode},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2001,
volume = 78,
pages = {563--565},
month = {January},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/78/563/1},
abstract = {Enhanced coupling to vertical radiation is obtained from a light-emitting diode using a two-dimensional photonic crystal that lies entirely inside the upper cladding layer of an asymmetric quantum well structure. A sixfold enhancement in light extraction in the vertical direction is obtained without the photonic crystal penetrating the active material. The photonic crystal is also used to couple pump light at normal incidence into the structure, providing strong optical excitation.}
}
@article{YiBe02,
author = {Yasha Yi and Peter Bermel and Kazumi Wada and Xiaoman Duan and J. D. Joannopoulos and L. C. Kimerling},
title = {Tunable multichannel optical filter based on silicon photonic band gap materials actuation},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2002,
volume = 81,
pages = {4112--4114},
month = {November},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/81/4112/1},
abstract = {A Si-based tunable omnidirectional reflecting photonic band gap structure with a relatively large air gap defect is fabricated and measured. Using only one device, low-voltage tuning around two telecom wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.3 $\mu$m by electrostatic force is realized. Four widely spaced resonant modes within the photonic band gap are observed, which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. The whole process is at low temperature and can be compatible with current microelectronics process technology. There are several potential applications of this technology in wavelength division multiplexing devices.}
}
@article{RoundyJo03,
author = {David Roundy and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonic crystal structure with square symmetry within each layer and a three-dimensional band gap},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2003,
volume = 82,
pages = {3835--3837},
month = {June},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/82/3835/1},
abstract = {We present a layered photonic crystal structure having a connectivity that is different from diamond which possesses square symmetry within each layer. This structure has a complete photonic band gap of 18\% of the midgap frequency with a dielectric contrast of 12:1, and is a structure with layered square symmetry having a gap greater than 10\%. We demonstrate a waveguide in this crystal created by removing a row of rods from a single layer.}
}
@article{HuangPo04,
author = {Kerwyn Casey Huang and M. L. Povinelli and John D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Negative effective permeability in polaritonic photonic crystals},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2004,
volume = 85,
pages = {543--545},
month = {July},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/85/543/1},
abstract = {We find that a two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of polaritonic materials behaves as an effective medium with negative permeability in the micron wavelength range. The resonance in $\mu_\mathrm{eff}$ is due to the large values of $\epsilon(\omega)$ attained near the transverse phonon frequency $\omega_T$. The minimal wavelength for achieving an effective permeability less than $-1$ in a LiTaO$_3$ crystal, obtained by optimizing the rod size and the lattice constant, is around 12 $\mu$m, a range previously inaccessible using dielectric metamaterials. For certain dissipation levels, we find that other polaritonic media also exhibit a resonant effect with $\mu_\mathrm{eff} < -1$ for wavelengths ranging from 2 to $\sim 100$ $\mu$m.}
}
@article{SoljacicLi05-ultraslow,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/eit_cavity_APL.pdf},
author = {Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Eleftherios Lidorikis and J. D. Joannopoulos and Lene Vestergaard Hau},
title = {Ultralow-power all-optical switching},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2005,
volume = 86,
pages = 171101,
month = {April},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/86/171101/1},
abstract = {Using analytical modeling and detailed numerical simulations, we investigate properties of hybrid systems of photonic crystal microcavities which incorporate a highly nonlinear ultraslow light medium. We demonstrate that such systems, while being miniature in size (order wavelength), and integrable, could enable ultrafast nonlinear all-optical switching at ultralow (even single photon) energy levels.}
}
@article{JiangZh05,
author = {Xunya Jiang and Yonggang Zhang and Songlin Feng and Kerwyn C. Huang and Yasha Yi and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonic band gaps and localization in the {Thue}--{Morse} structures},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2005,
volume = 86,
pages = 201110,
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/86/201110/1},
abstract = {Both theoretically and experimentally, we demonstrate that the photonic band gaps in Thue--Morse aperiodic systems can be separated into two flavors, the fractal gaps and the traditional gaps, distinguished by the presence or absence of fractal structure, respectively. The origin of two kind gaps is explained by the different interface correlations. This explanation is confirmed by the gap width behaviors. In addition, the eigenstates near the fractal gaps have a cluster-periodic form, while those near the traditional gaps have the Bloch wavelike form. Our detailed study of these differences is essential for understanding the spectra and light localization in aperiodic systems.}
}
@article{NgoLi06,
author = {T. T. Ngo and C. M. Liddell and M. Ghebrebrhan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Tetrastack: Colloidal diamond-inspired structure with omnidirectional photonic band gap for low refractive index contrast},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2006,
volume = 88,
pages = 241920,
month = {June},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/88/241920/1},
abstract = {Omnidirectional photonic band gaps opening at low values of refractive index contrast have been found for a nonspherical colloid-based photonic crystal structure. A mechanically stable design is described for the diamondlike photonic crystal composed of colloidal tetrahedra. The proposed tetrastack structure displays omnidirectional 2--3 band gap over a large range of filling fractions, refractive index contrasts, and building block orientations. The threshold refractive index for the inverted tetrastack structure was 1.94. A gap width of 25.3\% relative to the center frequency was obtained for an inverted tetrastack with a 0.21 filling fraction of silicon.}
}
@article{ChenHa07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/EOT_polariton_APL.pdf},
author = {Dye-Zone A. Chen and Rafif Hamam and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and John D. Joannopoulos and Gang Chen},
title = {Extraordinary optical transmission through subwavelength holes in a polaritonic silicon dioxide film},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2007,
volume = 90,
pages = 181921,
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/90/181921/1},
abstract = {The authors present experimental data showing that extraordinary optical transmission occurs through subwavelength holes etched in an amorphous silicon dioxide film. The discrete frequency ranges of the enhanced transmission suggest the involvement of surface phonon-polaritons in mediating the transmission in a manner analogous to surface plasmons on metal films. Finite-difference time-domain simulations also predict the enhancement and correlate well with the experimental data. Both experimental and theoretical results show a fivefold increase in transmission through a perforated film versus a solid film.}
}
@article{LidorikisEg07,
author = {Eleftherios Lidorikis and Shunji Egusa and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Effective medium properties and photonic crystal superstructures of metallic nanoparticle arrays},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
year = 2007,
volume = 101,
pages = 054304,
month = {March},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?JAPIAU/101/054304/1},
abstract = {Using the finite-difference time-domain method we extract the effective optical constants of metallic nanoparticle arrays. We explore their behavior in the full range of filling fractions and find excellent agreement with the Maxwell-Garnett [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 203, 385 (1904)] effective medium theory for the effective dielectric constant. We also find that the resonance response of such systems exhibits an effective magnetic component, typically overlooked in standard effective medium theories. We verify that the description of these nanoarrays as an effective bulk medium is exact within numerical precision, at least in one-dimensional arrangements, by comparing with full simulations of more complex superlayer configurations. Finally, using the effective constants we study photonic crystal superstructures consisting of these arrays, demonstrating an interesting optical response where resonant absorption and reflection bands are separated by extremely sharp edges of almost 100\% relative change per nanometer wavelength.}
}
@article{JiangZh07,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/nonlinear-supercollimation_APL.pdf},
author = {Xunya Jiang and Chuanhong Zhou and Xiaofang Yu and Shanhui Fan and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {The nonlinear effect from the interplay between the nonlinearity and the supercollimation of photonic crystal},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = 2007,
volume = 91,
pages = 031105,
month = {July},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/91/031105/1},
abstract = {The authors theoretically and numerically investigate the beam propagation near the supercollimation frequency $\omega_n^0$ in a photonic crystal made of nonlinear material. Since the value and sign of the equal-frequency-contour curvature which dominates the beam behaviors can be nonlinearly tuned near $\omega_n^0$, a kind of nonlinear effect is generated. The envelope equation with unique form is also obtained. Beam-control mechanisms are theoretically predicted and observed in numerical experiments, such as tunable collimation, tunable beam-divergence angle, and self-lock of collimation. These mechanisms can be utilized to function as fiber, lens and coupler, or to design photonic devices.}
}
@article{BermelWa01,
author = {P. A. Bermel and M. Warner},
title = {Photonic band structure of highly deformable self-assembling systems},
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2002,
volume = 65,
pages = {010702(R)},
month = {December},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e010702},
abstract = {We calculate the photonic band structure at normal incidence of highly deformable, systems self-assembling cholesteric elastomers subjected to external stress. Cholesteric elastomers display brilliantly colored reflections and lasing owing to gaps in their photonic band structure. This band structure has been shown to vary sensitively with strain in both theory and experiment. New gaps open up and all gaps shift in frequency. We predict a different ``total'' band gap for all polarizations in the vicinity of the previously observed de Vries band gap, which is only for one polarization.}
}
@article{BermelWa02,
author = {P. A. Bermel and M. Warner},
title = {Photonic band structure of cholesteric elastomers },
journal = {Physical Review~E},
year = 2002,
volume = 65,
pages = 056614,
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRE/v65/e056614},
abstract = {We calculate the photonic band structure along and oblique to the helix axis of cholesteric elastomers. They are highly deformable, self-assembling systems. They display brilliantly colored reflections and lasing owing to stop bands in their photonic band structure. This band structure varies sensitively and extensively with strain. We show how additional stop bands open up and how they all shift in frequency. We predict a ``total'' stop band, that is, for both circular polarizations and show analytically how stop bands scale with strain. The extension of stop bands to a range of angles thereby creates pseudogaps, and the relevance to low-threshold lasing is discussed.}
}
@article{ReedSo07-molecular,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/mol-dyn-shock-crystal_PRB.pdf},
author = {Evan J. Reed and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}} and Richard Gee and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Molecular dynamics simulations of coherent optical photon emission from shock waves in crystals},
journal = {Physical Review~B},
year = 2007,
volume = 75,
pages = 174302,
month = {May},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v75/e174302},
abstract = {We have previously predicted that coherent electromagnetic radiation in the 1--100 THz frequency range can be generated in crystalline polarizable materials when subject to a shock wave or solitonlike propagating excitation [E. J. Reed et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 013904 (2006)]. In this work, we present analysis and molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in crystalline NaCl which expand upon this prediction. We demonstrate that the coherent polarization currents responsible for the effect are generated by a nonresonant, nonlinear effect that occurs at the shock front. We consider the effect of thermal noise and various shock pressures on the coherent polarization currents and find that the amplitude generally increases with increasing shock pressure and decreasing material temperature. Finally, we present calculations of the amplitude and distribution of emitted radiation showing that the radiation can be directed or undirected under various realistic conditions of the shape of the shock front.}
}
@article{BermelRo06,
pdf = {http://www.mit.edu/~soljacic/waveguide-cavity-QED_PRA.pdf},
author = {Peter Bermel and Alejandro Rodriguez and Steven G. Johnson and John D. Joannopoulos and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Single-photon all-optical switching using waveguide-cavity quantum electrodynamics},
journal = {Physical Review~A},
year = 2006,
volume = 74,
pages = 043818,
month = {October},
url = {http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v74/e043818},
abstract = {This paper demonstrates switching of a single signal photon by a single gating photon of a different frequency, via a cross-phase-modulation. This effect is mediated by materials exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which are embedded in photonic crystals (PhCs). An analytical model based on waveguide-cavity QED is constructed for our system, which consists of a PhC waveguide and a PhC microcavity containing a four-level EIT atom. It is solved exactly and analyzed using experimentally accessible parameters. It is found that the strong coupling regime is required for lossless two-photon quantum entanglement.}
}
@article{LinCh98,
author = {Shawn-Yu Lin and Edmond Chow and Vince Hietala and Pierre R. Villeneuve and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Experimental Demonstration of Guiding and Bending of Electromagnetic Waves in a Photonic Crystal},
journal = {Science},
year = 1998,
volume = 282,
number = 5387,
pages = {274--276},
month = {October},
doi = {doi:10.1126/science.282.5387.274},
abstract = {The routing and interconnection of optical signals through narrow channels and around sharp corners are important for large-scale all-optical circuit applications. A recent computational result suggests that photonic crystals may offer a novel way of achieving this goal by providing a mechanism for guiding light that is fundamentally different from traditional index guiding. Waveguiding in a photonic crystal and near 100 percent transmission of electromagnetic waves around sharp 90 degree corners were observed experimentally. Bending radii were made smaller than one wavelength.}
}
@article{KursKa07,
author = {Andr{\'{e}} Kurs and Aristeidis Karalis and Robert Moffat and J. D. Joannopoulos and Peter Fisher and Marin Solja{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}},
title = {Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances},
journal = {Science},
year = 2007,
volume = 317,
number = 5834,
pages = {83--86},
month = {July},
doi = {doi:10.1126/science.1143254},
abstract = {Using self-resonant coils in a strongly coupled regime, we experimentally demonstrated efficient nonradiative power transfer over distances up to 8 times the radius of the coils. We were able to transfer 60 watts with ~40\% efficiency over distances in excess of 2 meters. We present a quantitative model describing the power transfer, which matches the experimental results to within 5\%. We discuss the practical applicability of this system and suggest directions for further study.}
}
@article{HartMa02,
author = {Shandon D. Hart and Garry R. Maskaly and Burak Temelkuran and Peter H. Prideaux and John D. Joannopoulos and Yoel Fink},
title = {External Reflection from Omnidirectional Dielectric Mirror Fibers},
journal = {Science},
year = 2002,
volume = 296,
pages = {510--513},
month = {April},
doi = {doi:10.1126/science.1070050},
abstract = {We report the design and fabrication of a multilayered macroscopic fiber preform and the subsequent drawing and optical characterization of extended lengths of omnidirectional dielectric mirror fibers with submicrometer layer thickness. A pair of glassy materials with substantially different indices of refraction, but with similar thermomechanical properties, was used to construct 21 layers of alternating refractive index surrounding a tough polymer core. Large directional photonic band gaps and high reflection efficiencies comparable to those of the best metallic reflectors were obtained. Potential applications of these fibers include woven fabrics for radiation barriers, spectral authentication of cloth, and filters for telecommunications.}
}
@article{IbanescuFi00,
author = {M. Ibanescu and Y. Fink and S. Fan and E. L. Thomas and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {An All-Dielectric Coaxial Waveguide},
journal = {Science},
year = 2000,
volume = 289,
number = 5478,
pages = {415--419},
month = {July},
doi = {doi:10.1126/science.289.5478.415},
abstract = {An all-dielectric coaxial waveguide that can overcome problems of polarization rotation and pulse broadening in the transmission of optical light is presented here. It consists of a coaxial waveguiding region with a low index of refraction, bounded by two cylindrical, dielectric, multilayer, omnidirectional reflecting mirrors. The waveguide can be designed to support a single mode whose properties are very similar to the unique transverse electromagnetic mode of a traditional metallic coaxial cable. The new mode has radial symmetry and a point of zero dispersion. Moreover, because the light is not confined by total internal reflection, the waveguide can guide light around very sharp corners.}
}
@article{FinkWi98,
author = {Yoel Fink and Joshua N. Winn and Shanhui Fan and Chiping Chen and Jurgen Michel and John D. Joannopoulos and Edwin L. Thomas},
title = {A Dielectric Omnidirectional Reflector},
journal = {Science},
year = 1998,
volume = 282,
number = 5394,
pages = {1679--1682},
month = {November},
doi = {doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1679},
abstract = {A design criterion that permits truly omnidirectional reflectivity for all polarizations of incident light over a wide selectable range of frequencies was used in fabricating an all-dielectric omnidirectional reflector consisting of multilayer films. The reflector was simply constructed as a stack of nine alternating micrometer-thick layers of polystyrene and tellurium and demonstrates omnidirectional reflection over the wavelength range from 10 to 15 micrometers. Because the omnidirectionality criterion is general, it can be used to design omnidirectional reflectors in many frequency ranges of interest. Potential uses depend on the geometry of the system. For example, coating of an enclosure will result in an optical cavity. A hollow tube will produce a low-loss, broadband waveguide, whereas a planar film could be used as an efficient radiative heat barrier or collector in thermoelectric devices.}
}
@article{LimRi99,
author = {Kuo-Yi Lim and D. J. Ripin and G. S. Petrich and L. A. Kolodziejski and E. P. Ippen and M. Mondol and Henry I. Smith and P. R. Villeneuve and S. Fan and J. D. Joannopoulos},
title = {Photonic band-gap waveguide microcavities: Monorails and air bridges},
journal = {Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B},
year = 1999,
volume = 17,
number = 3,
pages = {1171-1174},
month = {Febr